A term commonly used by contractors and engineers, HVAC mainly deals with the ventilation of a building like homes and offices. With the main objective of maintaining optimum comfort, HVAC is integrated into a building during the construction phase.
It is believed that HVAC dates back to the 2nd century Roman Empire when several cities adopted a central heating system to keep the building temperature regulated. This system was known as hypocaust and gained immense popularity in the times of the Industrial Revolution when factories utilized the technique. Often termed as climate control, HVAC is used to regulate temperature, air flow and humidity.
This system helps minimize health risks caused by extreme temperatures and humidity. Chances of fatigue, heat strokes, hypothermia, and inability to sweat are greatly reduced when temperatures are maintained at moderate levels.
Heating mainly uses two types of measures, central and local. Central heating is more popular than a local setup as it is more cost effective. The most common parts of a central heating system include a boiler or furnace, a heat pump and a radiator.
Ventilation mainly deals with air movement. As it is necessary to allow more oxygen to circulate in the building, proper ventilation is stressed upon. Ensuring regular and abundant supply of fresh air reduces stale air. Stagnant air is known to cause and spread airborne diseases and allergies. Ineffective ventilation can cause high humidity and subsequent growth of bacteria and fungi.
Air conditioning controls ventilation as well as heat. As it is a closed atmosphere, air conditioning should be carried out effectively. | 
